《Mysql入門MySQL備份與恢復之冷備（1）》要點：
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MYSQL必讀??????? 用一句話概括冷備,就是把數據庫服務,比如MySQL,Oracle停下來,然后使用拷貝、打包或者壓縮命令對數據目錄進行備份.如果數據出現異常,則可以通過備份數據恢復.冷備一般需要定制計劃,比如什么時候做備份,每次對哪些數據進行備份等等.但是由于這樣的備份占用過多的空間,對大數據量的環境下不一定適合,故生產環境很少使用.
MYSQL必讀冷備示意圖
MYSQL必讀?
MYSQL必讀冷備實驗
MYSQL必讀第一步,創建測試數據庫,插入測試數據
MYSQL必讀
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| access |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table access;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> clear
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table class(
-> cid int,
-> cname varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table class \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: class
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `class` (
`cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> create table stu(
-> sid int,
-> sname varchar(30),
-> cid int) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table stu \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: stu
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` (
`sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc class;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| cname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc stu;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| sid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
MYSQL必讀第二步,停掉MySQL
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
MYSQL必讀?
第三步,創建備份目錄,并修改擁有者和所屬組
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /databackup
[root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /databackup/ -R
[root@serv01 ~]# ll /databackup/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 10 17:46 /databackup/
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /databackup/
MYSQL必讀第四步,冷備(使用tar命令)
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvPzf mysql01.tar.gz
MYSQL必讀?
第五步,測試冷備的數據是否正常,我們刪除掉data下的所有數據
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
MYSQL必讀?
第六步,刪除所有數據后數據庫不能啟動
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).
MYSQL必讀?
第七步,恢復數據(使用tar命令)
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -xvPf mysql01.tar.gz
MYSQL必讀?
第八步,啟動MySQL,然后登錄MySQL,查看數據是否丟失,如果數據正常代表冷備成功
MYSQL必讀
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@serv01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+--------+
| cid | cname |
+------+--------+
| 1 | linux |
| 2 | oracle |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MYSQL必讀以上就是實現MySQL冷備的全部過程,大家對冷備有沒有了大概的了解,希望這篇文章可以對大家的學習有所贊助.
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