《Mysql實(shí)例MySQL延遲關(guān)聯(lián)性能優(yōu)化方法》要點(diǎn):
本文介紹了Mysql實(shí)例MySQL延遲關(guān)聯(lián)性能優(yōu)化方法,希望對(duì)您有用。如果有疑問,可以聯(lián)系我們。
【背景】MYSQL教程
? 某業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)load 報(bào)警異常,cpu usr 達(dá)到30-40 ,居高不下.使用工具查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)正在執(zhí)行的sql ,排在前面的大部分是:
MYSQL教程
代碼如下:
SELECT id, cu_id, name, info, biz_type, gmt_create, gmt_modified,start_time, end_time, market_type, back_leaf_category,item_status,picuture_url FROM relation where biz_type ='0' AND end_time >='2014-05-29' ORDER BY id asc LIMIT 149420 ,20;
表的數(shù)據(jù)量大致有36w左右,該sql是一個(gè)非常典型的排序+分頁(yè)查詢:order by col limit N,OFFSET M , MySQL 執(zhí)行此類sql時(shí)需要先掃描到N行,然后再去取 M行.對(duì)于此類大數(shù)據(jù)量的排序操作,取前面少數(shù)幾行數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)很快,但是越靠后,sql的性能就會(huì)越差,因?yàn)镹越大,MySQL 需要掃描不需要的數(shù)據(jù)然后在丟掉,這樣耗費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間.
【分析】MYSQL教程
針對(duì)limit 優(yōu)化有很多種方式,
1 前端加緩存,減少落到庫(kù)的查詢操作
2 優(yōu)化SQL
3 使用書簽方式 ,記錄上次查詢最新/大的id值,向后追溯 M行記錄.
4 使用Sphinx 搜索優(yōu)化.
對(duì)于第二種方式 我們推薦使用"延遲關(guān)聯(lián)"的方法來優(yōu)化排序操作,何謂"延遲關(guān)聯(lián)" :通過使用覆蓋索引查詢返回需要的主鍵,再根據(jù)主鍵關(guān)聯(lián)原表獲得需要的數(shù)據(jù).MYSQL教程
【解決】MYSQL教程
根據(jù)延遲關(guān)聯(lián)的思路,修改SQL 如下:MYSQL教程
優(yōu)化前
MYSQL教程
代碼如下:
root@xxx 12:33:48>explain SELECT id, cu_id, name, info, biz_type, gmt_create, gmt_modified,start_time, end_time, market_type, back_leaf_category,item_status,picuture_url FROM relation where biz_type =\'0\' AND end_time >=\'2014-05-29\' ORDER BY id asc LIMIT 149420 ,20;
+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table?????? | type? | possible_keys | key???????? | key_len | ref? | rows?? | Extra?????????????????????? |
+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+-----------------------------+
| 1? | SIMPLE????? | relation??? | range | ind_endtime?? | ind_endtime | 9?????? | NULL | 349622 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
其執(zhí)行時(shí)間:MYSQL教程
MYSQL教程
優(yōu)化后:
MYSQL教程
代碼如下:
SELECT a.* FROM relation a, (select id from relation where biz_type ='0' AND end_time >='2014-05-29' ORDER BY id asc LIMIT 149420 ,20 ) b where a.id=b.id
代碼如下:
root@xxx 12:33:43>explain SELECT a.* FROM relation a, (select id from relation where biz_type ='0' AND end_time >='2014-05-29' ORDER BY id asc LIMIT 149420 ,20 ) b where a.id=b.id;
+----+-------------+-------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------+
| id | select_type | table?????? | type?? | possible_keys | key???? | key_len | ref? | rows?? | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------+
| 1? | PRIMARY???? | <derived2>? | ALL??? | NULL????????? | NULL??? | NULL??? | NULL | 20???? |?????? |
| 1? | PRIMARY???? | a?????????? | eq_ref | PRIMARY?????? | PRIMARY | 8?????? | b.id | 1????? |?????? |
| 2? | DERIVED???? | relation??? | index? | ind_endtime?? | PRIMARY | 8?????? | NULL | 733552 |?????? |
+----+-------------+-------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.36 sec)
執(zhí)行時(shí)間:MYSQL教程
MYSQL教程
優(yōu)化后 執(zhí)行時(shí)間 為原來的1/3 .MYSQL教程
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