《Mysql入門分享MySQL的自動化安裝部署的方法》要點：
本文介紹了Mysql入門分享MySQL的自動化安裝部署的方法，希望對您有用。如果有疑問，可以聯系我們。

MYSQL數據庫有過MySQL運維的人應該都清楚,線上的MySQL一般都采用源碼編譯,因為這樣才可以根據企業的各自需要選擇要編譯的功能,雖然MySQL的源碼編譯挺簡單的,但是試想一下,如果你有幾百臺服務器同時要安裝MySQL,難道你還一臺臺去手動編譯、編寫配置文件嗎?這顯然太低效了,本文討論MySQL的自動化安裝部署.

MYSQL數據庫1、制作符合自己需求的RPM包

MYSQL數據庫我們要根據MySQL的源碼編譯符合企業需求的RPM包,源碼獲取命令如下：

MYSQL數據庫wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.16
mkdir rpm
cd rpm

MYSQL數據庫在上面我們獲取了源碼,并在源碼主目錄下創建rpm目錄,接著我們在該目錄下創建mysql.spec文件：

MYSQL數據庫Name: mysql
Version:5.6.16
Release: guahao
License: GPL
URL: http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
Group: applications/database
BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root
BuildRequires: cmake
Packager: zhuxj@guahao.com
Autoreq: no
prefix: /opt/mysql
Summary: MySQL 5.6.16

MYSQL數據庫%description
The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,
and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server
is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well
as for embedding into mass-deployed software.

MYSQL數據庫%define MYSQL_USER mysql
%define MYSQL_GROUP mysql
%define __os_install_post %{nil}

MYSQL數據庫%build
cd $OLDPWD/../
CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
export CFLAGS CXX CXXFLAGS

MYSQL數據庫cmake .????????????????????????????????????????????????? \
? -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=%{prefix}??????????????????????????? \
? -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=%{prefix}????????????????? \
? -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release????????????????????? \
? -DENABLE_PROFILING:BOOL=ON???????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=OFF????????????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_VALGRIND:BOOL=OFF?????????????????????????????? \
? -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF?????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all?????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled????????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF???????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled???????????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON??????????????? \
? -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON???????????????? \
? -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON????????????????? \
? -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON??????????????? \
? -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON?????????????? \
? -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8???????????????????????????????? \
? -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci??????????????????? \
? -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all????????????????????????????? \
? -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE:BOOL=ON???????????????????????? \
? -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=0?????????????????????????????? \
? -DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE???????????????????? \
? -DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON????????????????????????????? \
? -DMYSQL_SERVER_SUFFIX='-r5436';

MYSQL數據庫make -j `cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor| wc -l`

MYSQL數據庫%install
cd $OLDPWD/../
make DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT install

MYSQL數據庫%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT

MYSQL數據庫%files
%defattr(-, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP})
%attr(755, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP}) %{prefix}/*

MYSQL數據庫%pre

MYSQL數據庫%post
ln -s %{prefix}/lib %{prefix}/lib64

MYSQL數據庫%preun

MYSQL數據庫%changelog
有了這個spec文件之后,就可以執行如下命令生成我們自己的RPM包：
rpmbuild -bb ./mysql.spec

MYSQL數據庫2、編寫my.cnf模板

MYSQL數據庫my.cnf模板如下：

MYSQL數據庫[mysqld_safe]
pid-file=/opt/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

MYSQL數據庫[mysql]
prompt=\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s>
default-character-set=gbk
no-auto-rehash

MYSQL數據庫[client]
socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock

MYSQL數據庫[mysqld]
#dir
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp
log-error=/data/mysql/log/alert.log
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/log/slow.log
general_log_file=/data/mysql/log/general.log
socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock

MYSQL數據庫#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:2G;ibdata2:16M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4
innodb_log_files_in_group=4
innodb_log_file_size=1G
innodb_log_buffer_size=200M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60
innodb_io_capacity=200
innodb_thread_concurrency=32
innodb_read_io_threads=8
innodb_write_io_threads=8
innodb_open_files=60000
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_change_buffering=all
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_read_ahead=0
innodb_use_native_aio=0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_strict_mode=1
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED

MYSQL數據庫#myisam
key_buffer_size=100M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
concurrent_insert=2
delayed_insert_timeout=300

MYSQL數據庫#replication
master-info-file=/data/mysql/log/master.info
relay-log=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.info
relay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.index
slave_load_tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp
slave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY"
slave_net_timeout=4
skip-slave-start
sync_master_info=1000
sync_relay_log_info=1000

MYSQL數據庫#binlog
log-bin=/data/mysql/log/mysql-bin
server_id=2552763370
binlog_cache_size=32K
max_binlog_cache_size=2G
max_binlog_size=500M
binlog_format=ROW
sync_binlog=1000
log-slave-updates=1
expire_logs_days=0

MYSQL數據庫#server
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=gbk
lower_case_table_names=1
skip-external-locking
open_files_limit=65536
safe-user-create
local-infile=1
performance_schema=0

MYSQL數據庫log_slow_admin_statements=1
log_warnings=1
long_query_time=1
slow_query_log=1
general_log=0

MYSQL數據庫query_cache_type=0
query_cache_limit=1M
query_cache_min_res_unit=1K

MYSQL數據庫table_definition_cache=65536

MYSQL數據庫thread_stack=512K
thread_cache_size=256
read_rnd_buffer_size=128K
sort_buffer_size=256K
join_buffer_size=128K
read_buffer_size=128K

MYSQL數據庫port=3306
skip-name-resolve
skip-ssl
max_connections=4500
max_user_connections=4000
max_connect_errors=65536
max_allowed_packet=128M
connect_timeout=8
net_read_timeout=30
net_write_timeout=60
back_log=1024

MYSQL數據庫#server id

MYSQL數據庫細心的讀者應該會注意在,在my.cnf的末尾在server id上留了空白,在后面的shell腳本會動態加上,這是因為在一個企業內部的所有MySQL的server id必須保持全局一致性,這樣在主備復制時才不會導致混亂.
其實如果想把這個腳本寫的更通用,完全可以把更多的參數留白,如port、datadir、內存相關參數等,這里我只是以server id為例,拋磚引玉.

MYSQL數據庫3、準備MySQL數據目錄模板

MYSQL數據庫你得事先準備一臺MySQL,可以根據自己的需求,把通用性的東西放在上面(如賬戶等),下面是一個最簡單的已安裝好的MySQL的數據目錄結構：

MYSQL數據庫[root@lx25 mysql]# ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul? 2 09:26 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul? 1 18:21 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul? 2 09:26 tmp
[root@lx25 mysql]# cd data
[root@lx25 data]# ls -l
total 6314044
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql?????? 4096 Jul? 1 17:17 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql?????? 4096 Jul? 1 17:17 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql?????? 4096 Jul? 1 17:17 test

MYSQL數據庫把該目錄用tar打包(命名為data.tar),然后以這個為模板解壓至新裝MySQL實例的數據目錄下即可.
4、編寫自動化安裝部署腳本

MYSQL數據庫在運行這個腳本之前,我們必須得把前面幾部制作的rpm包、my.cnf模板和數據目錄模板放到一個固定的地方,本例中是放在企業內部的ftp上.

MYSQL數據庫MySQL自動化安裝部署腳本(命名為：mysql_install.sh)如下：

MYSQL數據庫#!/bin/sh

MYSQL數據庫#Step 1: Prepare
yum install cmake gcc g++ bison ncurses-devel zlib

MYSQL數據庫groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

MYSQL數據庫#Step 2: Get Source
ftp -n<<EOF
open 10.10.100.254
user zhuxianjie zxj321
binary
cd mysql
prompt
mget *
EOF

MYSQL數據庫#Step 3: Install
unique_id=`date "+%Y%m%d%M%S"`
echo 'server_id='$unique_id >> my.cnf
rpm -ivh mysql-5.6.16-guahao.x86_64.rpm
cp my.cnf /opt/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

MYSQL數據庫tar xvf data.tar -C /data
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

MYSQL數據庫#step 4: Start MySQL
cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

MYSQL數據庫/etc/init.d/mysqld start

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