《MYSQL數據庫SQL查詢超時的設置方法(關于timeout的處理)》要點：
本文介紹了MYSQL數據庫SQL查詢超時的設置方法(關于timeout的處理)，希望對您有用。如果有疑問，可以聯系我們。
為了優化OceanBase的query timeout設置方式,特調研MySQL關于timeout的處理,記錄如下.
代碼如下:
mysql> show variables like '%time%';
+----------------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------------------+
| connect_timeout | 10 |
| datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s |
| delayed_insert_timeout | 300 |
| flush_time | 1800 |
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 |
| innodb_old_blocks_time | 0 |
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF |
| interactive_timeout | 28800 |
| lc_time_names | en_US |
| lock_wait_timeout | 31536000 |
| long_query_time | 10.000000 |
| net_read_timeout | 30 |
| net_write_timeout | 60 |
| slave_net_timeout | 3600 |
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| system_time_zone | |
| time_format | %H:%i:%s |
| time_zone | SYSTEM |
| timed_mutexes | OFF |
| timestamp | 1366027807 |
| wait_timeout | 28800 |
+----------------------------+-------------------+
21 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
重點解釋其中幾個參數：
connect_timeout:
The number of seconds that the mysqld server waits for a connect packet before respondingwith Bad handshake. The default value is 10 seconds as of MySQL 5.1.23 and 5 seconds before that. Increasing the connect_timeout value might help if clients frequently encounter errors of the form Lost connection to MySQL server at ‘XXX', system error: errno.
解釋：在獲取鏈接時,等待握手的超時時間,只在登錄時有效,登錄成功這個參數就不管事了.主要是為了防止網絡不佳時應用重連導致連接數漲太快,一般默認即可.
interactive_timeout:
The number of seconds the server waits for activity on an interactive connection before closing it. An interactive client is defined as a client that uses the CLIENT_INTERACTIVE option to mysql_real_connect(). See alsowait_timeout.
解釋：一個持續SLEEP狀態的線程多久被關閉.線程每次被使用都會被喚醒為acrivity狀態,執行完Query后成為interactive狀態,重新開始計時.wait_timeout不同在于只作用于TCP/IP和Socket鏈接的線程,意義是一樣的.
MySQL可以配置連接的超時時間,這個時間如果做得太長,甚至到了10min,那么很可能發生這種情況,3000個鏈接都被占滿而且sleep在哪,新鏈接進不來,導致無法正常服務.因此這個配置盡量配置一個符合邏輯的值,60s或者120s等等.
說人話：
命令行下面敲一個命令后,直至下一個命令到來之前的時間間隔為interactive_time,如果這個時間間隔超過了interactive_timeout,則連接會被自動斷開,下一個命令失敗.不過一般的mysql客戶端都有自動重連機制,下一個命令會在重連后執行.
代碼如下:
mysql> set interactive_timeout = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show session variables like '%timeout%';
+----------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+----------+
| connect_timeout | 10 |
| interactive_timeout | 1 |
| wait_timeout | 28800 |
+----------------------------+----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
代碼如下:
mysql> set wait_timeout = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
【去泡杯茶,等會兒】
mysql> show session variables like '%timeout%';
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 7
Current database: *** NONE ***
+----------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+----------+
| connect_timeout | 10 |
| interactive_timeout | 28800 |
| wait_timeout | 28800 |
+----------------------------+----------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
wait_timeout:
The number of seconds the server waits for activity on a noninteractive connection (連接上沒有活動命令,可能是客戶端喝咖啡去了.)before closing it. Before MySQL 5.1.41, this timeout applies only to TCP/IP connections, not to connections made through Unix socket files, named pipes, or shared memory.
On thread startup, the session wait_timeout value is initialized from the global wait_timeout value or from the global interactive_timeout value, depending on the type of client
這里順帶解釋一下什么是non-interactive connection
> Non-Interactive Commands
Just do a quick look up on a table without logging into the client, running the query then logging back out again.
You can instead just type one line using the ' -e ' flag.
代碼如下:
c:\mysql\bin\mysql -u admin -p myDatabase -e 'SELECT * FROM employee'
net_read_timeout / net_write_timeout
The number of seconds to wait for more data from a connection before aborting the read. Before MySQL 5.1.41, this timeout applies only to TCP/IP connections, not to connections made through Unix socket files, named pipes, or shared memory. When the server is reading from the client, net_read_timeout is the timeout value controlling when to abort. When the server is writing to the client, net_write_timeout is the timeout value controlling when to abort. See also slave_net_timeout.
On Linux, the NO_ALARM build flag affects timeout behavior as indicated in the description of the net_retry_count system variable.
解釋：這個參數只對TCP/IP鏈接有效,分別是數據庫等待接收客戶端發送網絡包和發送網絡包給客戶端的超時時間,這是在Activity狀態下的線程才有效的參數
JDBC setQueryTimeout函數：
為了避免查詢出現死循環,或時間過長等現象,而導致線程阻塞,在獲得Statement的實例后,stmt.setQueryTimeout(10); 避免因為查詢導致程序出現線程阻塞.
但昨天發現程序出現了,“ORA-01013: 用戶請求取消當前的操作”的異常.手工執行出錯SQL語句發現,這個語句耗時20多秒.因為setQueryTimeout(10),所以還沒有執行完查詢語句就拋出異常了.使用setQueryTimeout(10)時一定要把時間設置的長一些,如60秒以上.只要不導致線程長期阻塞,就可以.太短了容易拋出,“ORA-01013: 用戶請求取消當前的操作”的異常
JDBC實現setQueryTimeout的原理：
代碼如下:
class IfxCancelQueryImpl extends TimerTask
implements IfmxCancelQuery
{
IfxStatement stmt;
Timer t = null;
public void startCancel(IfxStatement paramIfxStatement, int paramInt)
throws Exception
{
this.stmt = paramIfxStatement;
this.t = new Timer(true);
this.t.schedule(this, paramInt * 1000);
}
public void run()
{
try
{
this.stmt.cancel();
this.t.cancel();
}
catch (SQLException localSQLException)
{
this.t.cancel();
throw new Error(localSQLException.getErrorCode() + ":" + localSQLException.getMessage());
}
}
}
可見,query timeout是通過客戶端解決方案來做的,服務器端無需知曉.通過一個timer線程來監控執行時間,如果執行時間超時,則會schedule run()函數.
Reference:
http://wangwei.cao.blog.163.com/blog/static/10236252620111119115540534/
http://sls8204.blog.163.com/blog/static/62979632200741683453114/
OceanBase可以通過server端支持query timeout,可以設置query timeout并且不中斷當前session.這一點比MySQL先進.
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