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規(guī)劃MYSQL教程
master 192.168.56.2MYSQL教程
slave ?192.168.56.5MYSQL教程
1、在主庫(kù)上,設(shè)置一個(gè)復(fù)制使用的賬戶rep1,并授予REPLICATION SLAVE權(quán)限.MYSQL教程
mysql>?grant?replication?slave?on?*.*?to?'rep1'@'192.168.56.2'?identified?by?'123456'; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.01?sec)
2、修改主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器的配置文件my.cnf,開啟BINLOG,并設(shè)置server-id的值.這兩個(gè)參數(shù)的修改需要重新啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)才可以生效.MYSQL教程
?vi /etc/my.cnfMYSQL教程
?[mysqld]MYSQL教程
?log-bin=/home/mysql/log/mysql-bin.logMYSQL教程
?server-id=1MYSQL教程
[root@rhel6?~]#?service?mysql?restart Shutting?down?MySQL..??????????????????????????????????????[??OK??] Starting?MySQL.????????????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]
3、在主庫(kù)上,設(shè)置讀鎖定有效,這個(gè)操作是為了確保沒有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作,以便獲得一個(gè)一致性的快照.MYSQL教程
mysql>?flush?tables?with?read?lock; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)
4、得到主庫(kù)上當(dāng)前的二進(jìn)制日志名和偏移量值.這個(gè)操作的目的是為了從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟動(dòng)以后,從這個(gè)點(diǎn)開始進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù).MYSQL教程
mysql>?show?master?status; +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ |?File????????????|?Position?|?Binlog_Do_DB?|?Binlog_Ignore_DB?|?Executed_Gtid_Set?| +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ |?mysqlbin.000021?|??????120?|??????????????|??????????????????|???????????????????| +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.03?sec)
5、現(xiàn)在主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器已經(jīng)停止了更新操作,需要生成主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的備份,備份的方式有很多種,可以直接在操作系統(tǒng)下復(fù)制全部的數(shù)據(jù)文件到從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上,也可以通過mysqldump導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)或者使用ibbackup工具進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的備份.如果主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的服務(wù)可以停止,那么直接復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)文件應(yīng)該是最快的生成快照的方法：MYSQL教程
[root@rhel6?lib]#?tar?-zcvf?mysql.tar.gz?mysql mysql/ tar:?mysql/mysql.sock:?socket?ignored mysql/mysqlbin.000019 mysql/test1/ mysql/test1/db.opt mysql/test1/pack.MYD mysql/test1/myisam2.frm mysql/test1/emp.ibd mysql/test1/mer_myisam.MRG mysql/test1/emp.frm mysql/test1/pri_t.TRG .... 傳到從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) [root@rhel6?lib]#?scp?mysql.tar.gz?root@192.168.56.5:/root root@192.168.56.5's?password:? mysql.tar.gz????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?1402KB???1.4MB/s???00:00
6、主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份完畢后可恢復(fù)寫操作,剩下的只需要在從庫(kù)上執(zhí)行MYSQL教程
mysql>?unlock?tables; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)
7、將主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的一致性備份恢復(fù)到從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上.如果是使用.tar.gz打包的文件包,只需要解開到相應(yīng)的目錄即可.MYSQL教程
tar?-zxvf?mysql.tar.gz
8、修改從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的配置文件my.cnf,增加server-id參數(shù).注意server-id的值必須是唯一的,不能和主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的配置相同,如果有多個(gè)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器,每個(gè)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器必須有自己唯一的server-id值.MYSQL教程
?vi my.cnfMYSQL教程
?[mysqld]MYSQL教程
?server-id=2MYSQL教程
9、在從庫(kù)上,使用--skip-slave-start選項(xiàng)啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),這樣不會(huì)立即啟動(dòng)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)上的復(fù)制進(jìn)程,方便我們對(duì)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的服務(wù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的配置(可選)MYSQL教程
?mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start &MYSQL教程
?或者修改my.cnf,添加skip-slave-start參數(shù),service mysql startMYSQL教程
10、對(duì)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器做相應(yīng)設(shè)置,指定復(fù)制使用的用戶,主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器的IP、端口以及開始執(zhí)行復(fù)制的日志文件和位置等MYSQL教程
mysql>?change?master?to? ????->??master_host='192.168.56.2', ????->??master_user='rep1', ????->??master_port=3306, ????->??master_password='123456', ????->??master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021', ????->??master_log_pos=120; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected,?2?warnings?(0.08?sec)
11、在從庫(kù)上,啟動(dòng)slave線程MYSQL教程
mysql>?start?slave; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.17?sec)
12、從庫(kù)上查看進(jìn)程MYSQL教程
mysql>?show?processlist?\G; ***************************?1.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?1 ???User:?root ???Host:?localhost ?????db:?zx Command:?Query ???Time:?0 ??State:?init ???Info:?show?processlist ***************************?2.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?4 ???User:?system?user ???Host:? ?????db:?NULL Command:?Connect ???Time:?1484 ??State:?Waiting?for?master?to?send?event ???Info:?NULL ***************************?3.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?5 ???User:?system?user ???Host:? ?????db:?NULL Command:?Connect ???Time:?739 ??State:?Slave?has?read?all?relay?log;?waiting?for?the?slave?I/O?thread?to?update?it ???Info:?NULL 3?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?show?slave?status?\G ***************************?1.?row?*************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State:?Waiting?for?master?to?send?event ??????????????????Master_Host:?192.168.56.2 ??????????????????Master_User:?rep1 ??????????????????Master_Port:?3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry:?60 ??????????????Master_Log_File:?mysqlbin.000021 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos:?652 ???????????????Relay_Log_File:?rhel6-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos:?814 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File:?mysqlbin.000021 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running:?Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running:?Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB:? ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB:? ???????????Replicate_Do_Table:? ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table:? ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:? ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:? ???????????????????Last_Errno:?0 ???????????????????Last_Error:? ?????????????????Skip_Counter:?0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos:?652 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space:?987 ??????????????Until_Condition:?None ???????????????Until_Log_File:? ????????????????Until_Log_Pos:?0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed:?No ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File:? ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path:? ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert:? ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher:? ???????????????Master_SSL_Key:? ????????Seconds_Behind_Master:?0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno:?0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error:? ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno:?0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error:? ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:? ?????????????Master_Server_Id:?1 ??????????????????Master_UUID:?3743271b-aa6d-11e6-aa2e-080027e5f5dd ?????????????Master_Info_File:?/mysqldata/master.info ????????????????????SQL_Delay:?0 ??????????SQL_Remaining_Delay:?NULL ??????Slave_SQL_Running_State:?Slave?has?read?all?relay?log;?waiting?for?the?slave?I/O?thread?to?update?it ???????????Master_Retry_Count:?86400 ??????????????????Master_Bind:? ??????Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:? ?????Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:? ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl:? ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath:? ???????????Retrieved_Gtid_Set:? ????????????Executed_Gtid_Set:? ????????????????Auto_Position:?0 1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)
Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running全部為YES才算搭建成功.如果出錯(cuò)查看報(bào)錯(cuò)原因.我搭建時(shí)遇到的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：MYSQL教程
(1)Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.MYSQL教程
原因：搭建時(shí)把主庫(kù)整個(gè)目錄復(fù)制過來的,主庫(kù)和從庫(kù)的UUID一致了,修改從庫(kù)的UUID即可.MYSQL教程
方法：修改$datadir/auto.cnf,按照16進(jìn)制格式隨便改一下,重啟mysql即可.MYSQL教程
(2)Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'MYSQL教程
原因：配置change master to時(shí)把master_log_file配置錯(cuò)誤MYSQL教程
方法：change master to master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021';start slave;即可.
MYSQL教程
13、測(cè)試復(fù)制的正確性MYSQL教程
主庫(kù) mysql>?create?database?zx; Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.05?sec) mysql>?use?zx; Database?changed mysql>?create?table?t(id?int); Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.09?sec) mysql>?insert?into?t?values(1),(2),(3); Query?OK,?3?rows?affected?(0.01?sec) Records:?3??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0 從庫(kù) mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?data???????????????| |?mysql??????????????| |?performance_schema?| |?test???????????????| |?test1??????????????| |?zx?????????????????| +--------------------+ 7?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?use?zx Reading?table?information?for?completion?of?table?and?column?names You?can?turn?off?this?feature?to?get?a?quicker?startup?with?-A Database?changed mysql>?select?*?from?t; +------+ |?id???| +------+ |????1?| |????2?| |????3?| +------+ 3?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)
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